[②] 关于康德和维特根斯坦比较研究的英语文献,较全面的导论性著作参见:(1)Hans Sluga & David G. Stem (ed) The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996;(2)P. M. S. Hacker, Insight and Illusion: Themes in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein, Revised Edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986(特别是此书的第一版)。关于后期维特根斯坦与康德的比较文献,参见:(1)Meredith Williams, Wittgenstein, Mind, and Meaning: toward a Social Conception of Mind, Routledge, 1999;(2)Garver, N., This Complicated Form of Life: Essays on Wittgenstein. LaSalle and Chicago: Open Court, 1994。
[③] 例如,《逻辑哲学论》6.422:“在提出一条具有‘汝应……’形式的伦理准则时,人们首先想到的是:如果我不遵行这条准则,那会如何呢?但是,伦理与通常所谓的赏罚没有关系。因此关于一种行为的后果问题必然是无关紧要的。——至少这些后果不应该成为什么事件。因为这个问题的提出必含有某种正确的东西。诚然必须有某一种类的伦理的赏和伦理的罚,但是这些赏罚必然就在行为自身之内。”(维特根斯坦:《逻辑哲学论》,载涂纪亮主编:《维特根斯坦全集》,第1卷,261页,石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003。以下凡引《逻辑哲学论》处,只注序号或中译本页码。)
[④] 上述材料引自:Ray Monk, “The Laboratory for Self-Destruction”, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 1, Edited and Introduced by F. A. Flowers III, Thoemmes Press, 1999, p. 78-99.(布尔兹曼虽然对康德有一定的敌意,但在科学观上却是如出一辙的。参见Hans-Johann Glock, “The Development of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy”, in Hans-Johann Glock ed. Wittgenstein: A Critical Reader, Blackwell Publishers, 2001, p. 3.)
[⑤] 参见麦琪(Bryan Magee)《叔本华的哲学》(The Philosophy of Schopenhauer,Oxford University Press, 1983)附录3“叔本华对维特根斯坦的影响”。
[⑥] Hans Sluga & David G. Stem (ed) The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p.327.
[⑦] Henry Leroy Finch, Wittgenstein, The Early Philosophy: An Exposition of the “Tractatus”, Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1971, p. 265.
[⑧] M. O’C. Drury, “Some Notes on Conversations with Wittgenstein”, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 3, p. 174。参见John Hayes, “Wittgenstein, Religion, Freud and Ireland”, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 4, p. 76。
[⑨] Knut E. Tranoy, “Wittgenstein in Cambridge 1949-1951: Some Personal Recollections”, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 4, p. 127。
[⑩] M. O’C. Drury, “Conversations with Wittgenstein”, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 3, p. 206。
[11] 康德的《实践理性批判》对托尔斯泰的影响,以及托尔斯泰的伦理和宗教思想对维特根斯坦的影响,在此就不赘述了。
[12] 康德:《纯粹理性批判》,李秋零译,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004,17页。以下随正文标A、B版及此中译本页码。
[13] Sebastian Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, Routledge, 1999, p. 23.
[14] Heidegger, The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic, trans. Michael Heim, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984, p. 1.